Reflux is caused by gastric acid from the stomach rising into the oesophagus. It can cause symptoms like heartburn and regurgitation. Common triggers include stress, pregnancy, smoking, obesity, and certain medications. Reflux affects 70 per cent of all Australians at some point in their lives.

Prolonged exposure to gastric acid causes inflammation of the oesophagus and over time may cause ulcers or haemorrhage. Persistent reflux may develop into gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD), a more serious condition that requires treatment to prevent complications.

Common symptoms

  • Heartburn: A burning sensation in the chest, often after eating or at night.
  • Regurgitation: A sour or bitter acid rising into the throat or mouth.
  • Difficulty swallowing: A feeling of food being stuck in the throat or chest.
  • Persistent cough: Often worse at night.

Preventing and managing reflux

Lifestyle changes: Maintain a healthy weight, avoid trigger foods (like spicy or fatty foods), and eat smaller meals.

Elevate the head of your bed: Raising your bed head by about 20 centimetres can help prevent stomach acid from rising while you sleep.

Avoid lying down after eating: Wait at least three hours after eating before lying down or going to bed.

Wear loose-fitting clothing: Tight clothing can put pressure on your stomach, worsening symptoms.

For many, these changes are enough to control reflux. If symptoms persist, speak with your community pharmacist about medication to control your symptoms. These may include:

  • Antacids
  • H2-receptor antagonists (blockers)
  • Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs)

Reflux is common and your community pharmacist has specialised knowledge about its causes and treatments. For advice on prevention, managing symptoms, and when to see a doctor, talk to your local community pharmacist.


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